ABSTRACT
Objective:To determine associations between postpartum depression (PPD) and plasma neurotransmitters.Methods:We conducted a case-control study nested to a prospective cohort established in 3 comprehensive tertiary hospitals in Changsha,Hunan,China from February to September 2007.The Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used at 2 weeks postpartum to screen PPD,with a score of 13 or higher as the cut-off for PPD.The women with matched age but without PPD and delivery within 5 years were selected as controls.The levels of plasma monoamine neurotransmitters including serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT),dopamine (DA),and norepinephrine (NE),and peptide neurotransmitters including neuropeptide Y (NPY) and substance P (SP) in maternal blood samples taken at 2 weeks postpartum were measured and compared between PPD women (n=42) and controls (n=42).Results:Plasma levels of 5-HT and NPY were significantly lower while plasma levels of NE and SP were significantly higher in PPD women than those in the controls.For women with PPD,a negative correlation between NPY and NE (r=-0.36,P＜0.05) was observed.Conclusion:There are changes in plasma levels of neurotransmitters in women with PPD,and there are potential interactions between different neurotransmitters.
ABSTRACT
It is a systematic review and meta-analysis of previous observational epidemiologic studies examining the relationship between residential pesticide exposures during critical exposure time windows (preconception, pregnancy, and childhood) and childhood leukemia. Searches of Medline and other electronic databases were performed (1950-2009). Study selection, data abstraction, and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Random effects models were used to obtain summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95 percent confidence intervals (Cis). Of the 17 identified studies, 15 were included in the meta-analysis. Exposures during pregnancy to unspecified residential pesticides insecticides, and herbicides were positively associated with childhood leukemia. Exposures during childhood to unspecified residential pesticides and insecticides were also positively associated with childhood leukemia, but there was no association with herbicides. Positive associations were observed between childhood leukemia and residential pesticide exposures. Further work is needed to confirm previous findings based on self-report, to examine potential exposure-response relationships, and to assess specific pesticides and toxicologically related subgroups of pesticides in more detail.
Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise de estudos epidemiológicos observacionais anteriores que examinaram a relação entre a exposição de pesticidas residenciais durante as janelas de exposição crítica do tempo (pré-concepção, gravidez e infância) e leucemia infantil. Foram realizadas pesquisas de dados em diversas bases de dados eletrônicas como Medline e outras. Dois revisores independentes realizaram o estudo de seleção, abstração de dados e avaliação da qualidade. Foram utilizados modelos de efeitos aleatórios para obtenção de razões chances (odds ratio) e intervalos de confiança de 95 por cento (IC). Dos 17 estudos identificados, 15 foram incluídos na meta-análise. A exposição a pesticidas e inseticidas residenciais não especificados durante a infância foi positivamente associada com a leucemia infantil, mas não houve associação com herbicidas. Foram observadas associações positivas entre leucemia infantil e exposição a pesticidas residenciais. São necessários mais estudos para confirmar os resultados anteriores com base no autorrelato, para examinar possíveis relações exposição-resposta, e para a avaliação em detalhes de pesticidas específicos e subgrupos de pesticidas toxicologicamente relacionados.